Ideas about why some long-term health problems are associated with being overweight

We talked with people who had been diagnosed with a variety of long-term illnesses that are associated with weight gain. Weight had often been a factor in the development of the illness and sometimes the effects of the condition, or the treatments involved, made it particularly difficult to manage weight.

‘All I can . I’ve so far absorbed is the fact that if you eat less you will lose weight, and if you exercise more you will maintain weight, and that’s about as far as it goes’ [Alan X, 48].

Although the relationship between consuming and burning calories was well understood, a long term health problem sometimes left people unsure about how to manage their weight. Here we look at people’s ideas about the relationship between weight gain and their long term health problems.

Being overweight didn’t worry David that was until he was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

Age at interview 71

Gender Male

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Either directly, or indirectly, some health conditions increase the likelihood of gaining weight. Gaining weight was sometimes a side effect of the medicines they were prescribed to manage their illness. For example, Maxine felt that the steroidal injections she had to take for her joint problems had affected her metabolism and her ability to lose weight.

Lina explains how steroid treatment led her to gain weight and left her with the moon face effect.

Age at interview 49

Gender Female

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Some diabetes treatments increase appetite and cause weight gain. Having hypothyroidism (also called ‘underactive’ or ‘low’ thyroid) can cause people to put on weight until it is treated. Joan had been very active with regular hill walking, gym and skiing, but the extreme tiredness and pain associated with her illnesses prevented her from staying active.

Joan describes her symptoms before being diagnosed with Hypothyroidism and Sjogren’s. At her heaviest she weighed twenty stone ten pounds.

Age at interview 57

Gender Female

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Paul Y describes how his diagnosis of sleep apnoea and type2 diabetes came about and explains the relationship between his sleep apnoea, tiredness and weight gain.

Age at interview 55

Gender Male

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Fatigue, pain or reduced mobility, meant that some people were less able to exercise or go out. John reflected on the increasing difficulties he experienced due to his heart disease and back pain. The ‘vicious circles’ involved are discussed further in ‘The vicious circles of chronic health conditions and being overweight’.

John Y had entered a self-perpetuating circle between being overweight and heart disease.

Age at interview 80

Gender Male

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Some people we talked with described how mental health problems had led them to gain weight. Stress, anxiety, and depression could contribute to binge eating, over-eating, or comfort eating. Ria has depression and binge eats; about four years ago she was diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Often, people described how their weight was affected by multiple factors which all related to each other, such as physical illness, medication side effects, weight gain, and low self-esteem.

Following a mental health breakdown, Heidi was sectioned and started taking anti-psychotic and anti-depressant drugs. This led her to gain about four stone in weight.

Age at interview 50

Gender Female

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Some weight increases were gradual and felt normal (for example with pregnancy, menopause, aging or a more sedentary lifestyle) until there was a health crisis or surprise diagnosis.

David’s realised that his lifestyle and work had contributed to him being overweight.

Age at interview 71

Gender Male

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Genetics was mentioned by several people when considering why people are overweight. For some people, this explained why being overweight ran in their family, or why certain members of the family were overweight while others were not. Ellie said that her three sisters and aunts were all overweight and ‘there’s got to be a link somewhere’. People didn’t always know why they had put on weight, and those who felt they had been ‘born big’ could feel that there was some inevitability about their size

A few people had experienced weight gain with one illness and weight loss with another for instance, gynaecological and hormonal changes led Myra, who had always ‘struggled with weight’, to experience both.

For Myra, Endometriosis led to weight gain while a condition called Pheochromacytoma led to weight loss.

Age at interview 65

Gender Female

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See Also: Environment and cultures impact on weight.