Environment and culture’s impact on weight

Obesity is affected by a number of environmental, socio-cultural and economic factors. These include access to an affordable and healthy diet and the availability of cheap, high energy foods that are accessible, convenient and heavily marketed. People we talked with were well aware that individuals gain weight when they consume more calories than they use. Some also talked about how changes in the environment and culture had contributed to the increase in overweight and obesity, which has been evident since the 1980s. People reflected on their own childhoods and the numerous ways in which they had seen the environment and diet change since the 1960s.

When Meeka was a child it was rare to see anyone who was overweight.

Age at interview 66

Gender Female

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When Alan was growing up they didn’t have a car and so tended to walk more; he sees processed food and constant use of cars as contributing to people being overweight.

Age at interview 49

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Lesley is worried about the popularity of high sugar energy drinks and the amount of time everyone spends sitting down or driving rather than being active.

Age at interview 60

Gender Female

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Before his heart attack Alan Y used to regularly eat cereal bars as healthy snacks. Afterwards, he found those particular ones to be full of sugars and salt.

Age at interview 48

Gender Male

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The role of supermarkets in shaping food choices was a big concern for the people we spoke to. Offers, like Buy One Get One Free, food positioning, and marketing shaped people’s choices. Some also singled out food and drinks manufacturers and big business for seeking to maximise profit at the expense of people’s health. Ria said, ‘there is so much vested interest in terms of the big companies that are churning this stuff out, isn’t there?’ A greater role for government policy, local planning permissions and regulation was suggested, alongside appropriate public health messages.

Meeka notes that fast food outlets are often sited in low income areas

Age at interview 66

Gender Female

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Shirley thinks the numerous cheap fast food outlets in her village have contributed to poorer diets and people being overweight.

Age at interview 56

Gender Female

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Cheap food in general was seen as one of the causes of the obesity epidemic, with some people singling out particular types of food, such as cheap carbohydrates. Ellie suggested that ‘the things that make you fat don’t cost as much as the good stuff’. Myra felt that ‘fruit and veg isn’t a cheap option’ and ‘it’s a bit more expensive to eat really healthily’.

Maxine Mary notes that being overweight and poverty are closely related.

Age at interview 63

Gender Female

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Sue X doesn’t agree with the perception that good food inevitably costs more, although people also need to have time, cooking facilities and know-how to prepare food. Some supermarkets sell fresh products cheaply but the issue was ‘knowing how to use the ingredients and the best way to make a meal that all the family is going to eat’. Sometimes the cheaper, high calorie food may be more likely to appeal to the whole family and avoiding waste becomes the priority. John Y highlighted that it is no good to simply tell people to eat better diets and blame them if they do not: attempts to improve people’s diets need to be backed up with opportunity and access in disadvantaged communities.

John Y advocates community allotment schemes to help people on low incomes to grow and exchange fresh food.

Age at interview 80

Gender Male

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Even for those with fewer money worries the wide availability of cheap, high calorie, convenient foods was tempting, particularly for those with busy lives and little time to cook. Added to this were social pressures to achieve and to combine family and work in a fast-paced world.

Portion size was also an issue, as June had noticed it was easy to slip into having the ‘supersize’ portions ‘sometimes when you do get a bit more money, nobody alerts you to the fact that it’s fine meeting your friends for a coffee but don’t have the super-duper coffee or don’t be tempted by the piece of cake’.

Sue X says that it is hard to avoid temptation when rubbish’ food is so readily available.

Age at interview 61

Gender Female

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June reflects on how the pace of life contributes to people being overweight.

Age at interview 70

Gender Female

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June has overweight and diabetes in her family; cheap multi-buy offers for bars of chocolate and too many everyday temptations make it hard to make the best choices about food.

Age at interview 70

Gender Female

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See also: ‘What has worked when trying to lose weight? Finding what works for you‘ and ‘Messages to others interested in controlling their weight

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