STIs: ideas about risk and decisions to test

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) include chlamydia, genital warts, syphilis, herpes and HIV. If caught early most are easily treatable with antibiotics, but if left untreated they can have serious consequences including infertility (not being able to have children) and ectopic pregnancy.

Many people we spoke to avoid catching STIs by using condoms, or did not have unprotected sex till both partners had been tested for STIs. The only way to keep safe is to use a condom, particularly if having sex with casual partners.

Explains why she and her partner decided to go for a check up before they stopped using condoms….

Age at interview 24

Gender Female

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Says that unprotected sex with casual partners is very risky for gay men.

Age at interview 23

Gender Male

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But young people are often surprised to find out that vaginal sexual intercourse is NOT the only way people can be infected with chlamydia. The National Chlamydia Screening Programme in its website said that people: ‘can get chlamydia by having unprotected vaginal, anal or oral sex with someone who is already infected. It can also be passed on by sharing sex toys which haven’t been washed or covered with a condom before each use. It can also be passed by a pregnant woman to her baby during pregnancy or at the birth.’

The National Chlamydia Screening Programme recommends that:
if you have oral sex, cover the penis with a condom or the female genitals with a latex or polyurethane (plastic) square (dam).

Fiona thought that a condom was sufficient protection against STIs, she had no idea she could be…

Age at interview 20

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 20

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There are a number of reasons why people we interviewed decide to be tested for STIs. Sometimes they are prompted by symptoms, like pain or bleeding during or after sex, chronic stomach pain, lower abdominal pain, an unusual discharge, itching around the genital area, pain when passing water, heavy periods or bleeding between periods. A sixteen year old girl we talked to had pain when passing water and a blister appeared on the lip part of the vagina.

Victoria felt a lump in her cervix and decided to go to the GUM clinic.

Age at interview 24

Gender Female

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Some go for a test even though they don’t have any symptoms or, when invited to take part in the National Chlamydia Screening Programme, some worry they may have contracted an infection because they have not always used condoms. Other times a friend being diagnosed with an STI, or learning about the consequences, can prompt a person to get a check-up. Or they might find out that one of their partners ex’s had an STI and have an anxious time waiting for the result.

Says that his main motivation for having a check up was to set his mind at rest.

Age at interview 19

Gender Male

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Explains that the experience of a friend of hers that contracted Chlamydia prompted her to go and…

Age at interview 18

Gender Female

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Two nurses approached Hannah and her friend in the park and invited them to do a Chlamydia test…

Age at interview 18

Gender Female

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Unprotected sex and a wish to make sure that everything was fine, prompted Katie, Alice and other…

Age at interview 22

Gender Female

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Explains how she and her ex-boyfriend had to go and be tested for HIV after he found out that an…

Age at interview 21

Gender Female

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Describes the first signs and symptoms of herpes. Played by an actor.

Age at interview 20

Gender Female

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To suspect you have an STI can be overwhelming for teenagers and often those we talked to did not talk about it with their parents. This often meant dealing with clinic visits, tests and results on their own. But young people, particularly young women may decide to go as a group to a clinic and get tested. Katie, Alice and a couple of other friends from university decided to get tested for STI’s and went to the GUM clinic together. They felt reassured by the mutual support and companionship and it made the experience easier to deal with.

Says that her cousin was the only family member that knew and supported her. Played by an actor.

Age at interview 20

Gender Female

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In general, media campaigns about STIs were seen as a positive thing: it helped young people to be aware of the health risks involved in sexual activity and to talk among friends about it. Some of the young people we talked to attribute their decision to have a STI test to media awareness and peer group discussion.

Stefanie indicates that hers and her boyfriends decision to test resulted from the awareness…

Age at interview 24

Gender Female

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Chlamydia is the most common STI infection among young people but Sarah thinks that more…

Age at interview 20

Gender Female

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Students we spoke to said they were ‘clued up’ when it came to STI testing and that this has resulted from public health campaigns and media programmes and knowing where to go to get tested.

Katie compares her home friends to her uni ones when it comes to attitudes regarding STI testing,…

Age at interview 22

Gender Female

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Sometimes though media campaigns were seen as adding to the stigma of having an STI. One young woman suggested that scary media campaigns were responsible for some of the misinformation about STIs.

Encourages other young people who are living with genital herpes not to feel ashamed. Played by…

Age at interview 20

Gender Female

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STIs: tests and results

You can get tests for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) at special clinics or at GP surgeries. STI clinics are often able to give people the...