Young people’s explanations of self-harm

We spoke to parents and carers, not to young people who self-harm; but in this section we highlight what parents told us young people themselves had said about their reasons for self-harming.

Young people varied in how far they wanted to or could explain their self-harming to their parents (see also ‘Talking about self-harm with the young person‘). Charles said his son had been ‘reluctant to open up’ to his parents, but had spoken to a psychiatrist about his reasons for self-harm. Dot remembered that her daughter had explained clearly her feelings of unhappiness and low mood but ‘didn’t really know’ why she had self-harmed. However, other young people had tried to explain the reasons for self-harming to their parents, including releasing tension and expressing pain; difficulties with their parents; and the influence of other young people.

Releasing tension and expressing pain

Several young people had said that self-harming released tension or unhappiness they were feeling and helped them to cope better with their lives.

Alexis’s daughter explained that if you’re hurting so badly in your head, to harm yourself on your skin, to give yourself other pain, stops the feelings in your head.

Age at interview 50

Gender Female

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Unhappiness came from not having friends, from being bullied, from feeling different and as though they did not ‘fit in’. Some young people had talked about not liking themselves, or their life, and about self-harming to express their pain or to punish themselves. Joanna’s daughter said she was so sad that she wanted to kill herself, ‘so I just wanted to do something to take my mind off killing myself’.

Roisin said her daughter hated the way that she felt, but didn’t understand why she felt like it.

Age at interview 45

Gender Female

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Jo’s daughter felt worthless after being bullied at school She said she self-harmed partly to punish herself and partly to relieve the tension.

Gender Female

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For Ruth’s daughter, self-harm was a way of expressing pain.

Age at interview 40

Gender Female

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Fiona’s son said to her, simply, ‘I just hurt so much inside mum and nobody can see it. If I do this people can say, “Oh, that’s sore” and understand how much I hurt inside’.

Difficulties with parents

Some young people told their parents that they blamed one or both of them for the feelings that led them to self-harm and some said it was a way of trying to make their parents understand how bad they felt. Jo-Ann’s daughter said she couldn’t cope with the thought of her mum having a physical relationship with a new partner. Isobel’s daughter, sitting in the A & E department, ‘started saying she blamed me and her dad’ among other things in her life.

Jo-Ann said her daughter finds it difficult to feel that people she loves are bad, so she cuts to stop those feelings.

Gender Female

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Wendy said that her daughter ‘holds it against us’ for not taking more seriously her problems with food and weight.

Age at interview 64

Gender Female

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Nicky’s daughter said she started to self-harm because she wanted to show her father just how bad she felt.

Age at interview 48

Gender Female

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Although she didn’t blame her parents as such, Vicki’s daughter made it clear that she was still struggling with her parents separating and felt that ‘a lot of the upset started right back then’. Sarah Y’s daughter gave a range of explanations for her two overdoses, including being ‘very upset about things dad said to me’.

Sarah Y could not work out ‘what was going on inside her head’ even after hearing her daughter’s explanations for her overdoses.

Age at interview 42

Gender Female

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Influence of other young people self-harming

Occasionally, young people identified very specific things which made them more likely to self-harm. Although we know from other studies that young people are often influenced by friends who self-harm, only a few young people had spoken to their parents about this.

Debbies daughter said she felt like a failure if she didn’t self-harm because everybody else in hospital was self-harming.

Age at interview 37

Gender Female

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Vicki’s daughter said she was more likely to self-harm when she was upset and worried about her friend.

Age at interview 44

Gender Female

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Mental health problems and self-harm

We know that most young people who present to hospital following self-harm have mental health problems, especially depression, substance misuse, anxiety disorders, and eating disorders....