Controlling the symptoms of advanced ovarian cancer

Surgery and chemotherapy aim to destroy the cancer or limit its growth (see Surgery‘ and ‘Chemotherapy‘). Alongside these treatments patients may also receive treatments to ease or relieve the symptoms. These treatments are not intended to cure or influence the course of the disease but can help maintain quality of life.

A common symptom is an uncomfortable swelling of the abdomen due to a build-up of fluid known as ascites. This fluid will be removed during any surgical operation, but two women we talked to had their ascites drained to relieve the pressure of the swelling while tests were being done to discover the cause of their illness and before any surgery was planned. This was done by inserting a fine tube through the muscle wall of the abdomen (using a local anaesthetic) and slowly draining off the fluid.

Had her ascitic fluid drained to relieve her discomfort while still having diagnostic tests.

Age at interview 62

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 61

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A woman who became tired and breathless during chemotherapy was told this was due to a pulmonary embolism (a blood clot in an artery that supplies the lungs), which occurs more commonly in cancer patients. This was successfully treated with the anti-clotting drug warfarin.

Sometimes an ovarian cancer presses on one or both ureters which carry the urine from the kidneys to the bladder and block the flow. A woman described having a tube inserted to drain the urine from her kidney into a bag strapped to her leg.

Had a tube inserted to drain urine from an obstructed kidney to a bag strapped to her leg.

Age at interview 53

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 52

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Pressure from the cancer can also block the intestine. In some cases blockages were successfully cleared with enemas, but one woman who had repeated blockages eventually had an operation to remove the affected part of her bowel, which reduced her appetite and her digestion.

Had a bowel blockage cleared using an enema.

Age at interview 57

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 56

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Had several bowel blockages and eventually had an operation to remove the affected piece of bowel.

Age at interview 63

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 52

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Chemotherapy damages normal blood cells causing some patients to become anaemic, but some women became anaemic for other reasons. One woman received regular blood transfusions; another had had a bad experience with a blood transfusion so was given drug treatment to boost her red blood cells.

Had regular blood transfusions for her anaemia.

Age at interview 63

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 52

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A couple of women we talked to developed pleural effusions (a build-up of fluid around the lungs), which causes breathlessness and chest pain. This was initially treated by draining the fluid through a small tube attached to a syringe. When the problem recurred, a drug that sticks together the membranes lining the cavity was injected via the drainage tube, so preventing fluid from building up there. One of the women needed this done on her other lung too, and also, unusually, fluid draining from the cavity around the heart (pericardial effusion). Unfortunately that caused her heart to stop, but it was soon restarted.

Describes the treatment she had for pleural effusions that made her breathless.

Age at interview 61

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 58

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Describes the second treatment she had for pleural effusions, and fluid round the heart, which…

Age at interview 62

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 60

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Some people with cancer get pain. The causes of cancer pain are now well understood and it can be effectively controlled. One woman whose cancer recurred, and did not respond well to chemotherapy, talked about having recently been prescribed morphine for her pain.

She had recently been put on morphine to control her pain.

Age at interview 57

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 52

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Treatment outcomes and follow-up

During treatment, and after it finishes, scans and blood tests are done to assess what effects treatment has had on the cancer. For some women...