Advice on health and lifestyle

In early pregnancy, people start to think through how their own health and lifestyle is affecting their unborn baby. Parents valued early contact with their GP or midwife to get advice, and many also found useful information in books, magazines and the Internet. (See also ‘Finding information and support‘ and ‘First contacts with services’).

People were already well informed on some issues, for example that taking folic acid reduces the risk of spina bifida, and that smoking and alcohol are bad for the baby (for advice on vitamins and supplements in pregnancy see National Childbirth Trust and NHS Choices). Some were pleased that becoming pregnant helped them give up smoking. If the pregnancy was unplanned, some mothers worried they might have harmed the baby by drinking or smoking, not realising they were pregnant. People knew that smoking was harmful, but were less sure whether there was a ‘safe’ level of drinking during pregnancy. It can be difficult to know what to believe about a whole range of issues, including diet and exercise, given conflicting media reports. One mother worried that people could feel guilty if their lifestyle was not perfect, and disliked the way one doctor talked to her about her weight.

It was easier to give up smoking when she became pregnant, and she has not started smoking again.

Age at interview 27

Gender Female

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She worried whether smoking and drinking before she realised she was pregnant had harmed the baby…

Age at interview 24

Gender Female

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She had heard conflicting advice about drinking alcohol in pregnancy. It can be difficult to know…

Age at interview 30

Gender Female

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She did not like the way one doctor talked to her about her weight in pregnancy.

Age at interview 30

Gender Female

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Most people knew they should avoid medicines in pregnancy that might harm the baby. One woman was upset that her GP prescribed an antihistamine for a rash, having earlier told her to avoid them.

She was upset that her GP advised her to avoid antihistamines in pregnancy but then prescribed…

Age at interview 33

Gender Male

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For people with conditions such as diabetes and epilepsy, taking drugs in pregnancy can be essential (see ‘Pregnancy with another condition or disability’).

Knowing what foods to avoid mattered to people; some had received conflicting advice from professionals. (Useful advice on diet in pregnancy, including alcohol, caffeine and vitamins and other supplements, is available from NHS Choices and National Childbirth Trust).

She was given conflicting advice about whether it was safe to eat bio-yoghurt; her midwife gave…

Age at interview 33

Gender Female

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Family and friends can also offer conflicting opinions. One woman from a Pakistani background asked her midwife for advice about diet. Traditional advice from her family was to avoid foods such as eggs, which are considered in many South Asian communities to generate heat in the body. (Such ‘hot’ foods are not necessarily warm or spicy in themselves, but it is their effect on the body that matters. ‘Cool’ foods may be recommended to neutralise the ‘hot’ state of pregnancy). Another Pakistani woman explained how she felt hot in pregnancy.

She asked the midwife for advice on diet, to help her assess traditional advice from her family…

Age at interview 37

Gender Female

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She felt hot and anxious in pregnancy. Family members advised her to drink juice and eat cold…

Age at interview 28

Gender Female

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A fitness instructor, also from a Pakistani background, was keen that women from her own community should be better informed about the value of exercise in pregnancy. Another woman thought keeping fit had helped her recover from her caesarean section. Gentle exercise such as walking, yoga and swimming were commonly recommended; one woman thought her GP’s advice was too cautious. NICE guidelines (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence- Antenatal screening CG62) recommend women can continue or start moderate exercise in pregnancy, but advise against contact sports, high-impact sports, vigorous racquet sports and scuba diving.

As a fitness instructor, she is keen to encourage pregnant women to continue exercising,…

Age at interview 37

Gender Female

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She felt keeping fit in pregnancy helped her recover from her caesarean section.

Age at interview 29

Gender Female

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She felt one Gps advice about exercise in pregnancy was too cautious but another was supportive…

Age at interview 33

Gender Female

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Some women had to stop exercising because of aches and pains, including one who developed symphysis pubis disorder (pelvic joint pain) (see also ‘Pain and discomfort’). Some simply felt too tired or sick to do much exercise, and stressed the importance of trying to rest and relax – not always easy if they had a toddler already. Women who have complications in pregnancy or previous problems such as miscarriage may be advised to rest a lot, and perhaps take time off work.

She was disappointed she had to stop exercising because of symphysis pubis disorder.

Age at interview 35

Gender Female

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After severe nosebleeds at 18 weeks, she had to stay off work and avoid strenuous activity for…

Age at interview 39

Gender Female

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She gave up work in one pregnancy to reduce the risk of another miscarriage. With her second…

Age at interview 24

Gender Female

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First contacts with services

After discovering they were pregnant, most women wanted to get in touch with their GP or midwife quite quickly, and some went almost at once....

Maternity care and antenatal visits

Patterns of antenatal care vary widely, depending on the area where a person lives, their own preferences and whether they have any special health needs....