Food, eating and diets with type 2 diabetes

Controlling the symptoms of diabetes and managing the condition well, whether you are taking medication or not, means eating carefully and healthily. Some people said they only had to ‘fine-tune’ their diets to achieve lower blood glucose levels; others had gone to great lengths to change their eating habits. It took time for people to find out what worked for them: some relied on their wives/partners to cook the right kind of meals for them; others had worked out their own routines.

Lawrence explains his careful approach to weight control and diet.

Age at interview 38

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 37

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Mrs Singh describes the changes she has made to her daily diet (audio in Hindi).

Age at interview 64

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 49

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People found that even small adjustments to diet and eating habits, such as eating smaller portions, sitting down at the table to eat, avoiding snacks, could help.

Raj feels more energetic since he has been more careful about when he eats.

Age at interview 42

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 41

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Malcolm describes the high carb, low sugar, low fat diet that seems to work for him.

Age at interview 54

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 39

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Several people we talked to were controlling their diabetes by diet and exercise and didn’t take any medication. Others were taking anti-diabetic tablets such as metformin. Some of those who had transferred from tablets to insulin said they liked having more flexibility about what and when they ate.

Kathy does not take any medication for her diabetes and has found it quite easy to change her diet.

Age at interview 71

Gender Female

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Some people held strong opinions about the best ways to tackle weight loss and control blood glucose levels. Specific dietary regimes, for example the GI diet, had worked for some people; others said that cutting out fatty foods and takeaways and eating more vegetables worked for them. Several people said they now used different ingredients in their cooking and tried to find ways round dietary limitations. (See ‘Resources‘ section for more sources of information.)

Tina has had weight problems since infancy and tried many diets but says what worked for her is…

Age at interview 45

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 33

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When she started following the GI diet Pamela found her glucose levels lowered quickly. When she…

Age at interview 54

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 50

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Nicky enjoys cooking and now makes her own bread, tortillas and muffins without using flour.

Age at interview 46

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 42

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Mrs Patel has always been vegetarian and now tries not to eat food containing ghee or flour.

Age at interview 68

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 53

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Not everyone wanted to stop eating the food they loved. Several people said they felt unhappy about having to restrict themselves because the enjoyment of good food was one of ‘life’s pleasures’.

Darren finds controlling his diet and his weight extremely difficult and says that diabetics need…

Age at interview 34

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 28

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Eating healthily was seen by most people as a good idea, but some people found that food cooked without salt, sugar or fats tasted ‘bland’, ‘boring’ and even ‘disgusting’. Several people said they rewarded themselves with ‘treats’ every so often, which included takeaways and chocolate. Spices are not on their own bad for you but spicy food often contains lots of salt, sugar and fat.

Sylvia tries to follow the advice from her diabetes nurse but misses all the tasty things she…

Age at interview 41

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 40

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Sallie has lost weight on her new diet but doesn’t enjoy it much and still has cravings for…

Age at interview 50

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 44

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Eating less and giving up what were described by many people as ‘comfort’ foods was said to be hard when they felt low.

For ten years Zoe didn’t eat properly or manage her diabetes very well but her new partner…

Age at interview 32

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 20

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Gugu feels more structured help with food might help. She feels tired after work and doesn’t…

Age at interview 43

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 33

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It helped if partners and family members changed their attitudes to food and went along with the new diet and eating patterns. (see ‘Home and Social Life’).

Eating properly during working hours could be difficult, and several people said that they struggled to resist biscuits at work. Others found it especially hard to resist food and alcohol at weddings and parties.

Duncan explains that he doesn’t want diabetes to dominate his life and so takes a ‘broad-brush…

Age at interview 63

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 61

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Dietitians and dietary advice

Most of the advice people were given about food, drink and exercise came from dietitians and diabetes nurses based at the GP surgery. Almost everyone acknowledged that the advice was sensible and said that the nurse helped them keep on track. But a few other people said they wanted more specific advice tailored to their needs or wanted more structure to help them and found most dietary advice too general. Some had seen or said they would consider seeing a nutritionist privately. Several people wondered what the difference was between nutritionists and dietitians.

Registered dietitians are the only nutrition professionals to be statutorily regulated, and governed by an ethical code. The title dietitian can only be used by those appropriately trained and who have registered with the Health & Care Professions Council. The title nutritionist can be used by anyone, qualified or not, giving nutritional advice.

Pamela felt the advice to eat a yoghurt during important meetings at work was inappropriate for…

Age at interview 54

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 50

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Andy attended a morning workshop about diet but says it told him nothing he didn’t know already.

Age at interview 52

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 52

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Local support groups or clubs for people with diabetes had helped some people to alter their diet, but younger people said that they felt out of place at these clubs (see Darren above).

Not everyone felt they understood the reasons for certain dietary advice; for example some people wondered how replacing meat and cheese (i.e. protein) with carbohydrates and so eating more pasta, breakfast cereals and also oatmeal biscuits (e.g. Hobnobs) could possibly help with weight loss. One woman said that pasta and oatmeal actually raised her blood glucose levels.

Ken thinks that the information about eating more carbohydrates is extremely confusing.

Age at interview 60

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 56

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A few people with co-morbidities (other health conditions) said they had been given conflicting advice about what to/not to eat and felt that dietary advice could be given more thought.