Ideas about the causes of a heart attack

Certain medical conditions are associated with an increased risk of having a heart attack. These are high blood pressure, certain forms of heart disease, raised levels of cholesterol in the blood, a family history of heart disease and diabetes. Other factors known to increase the likelihood of having a heart attack are smoking, eating the wrong things, being overweight, not taking enough exercise and ethnicity*.

There is some evidence that for some people, having high levels of stress could be a factor, often because it leads to unhealthy eating, smoking and drinking more alcohol and not being active enough. Men are more likely to have a heart attack than women. People who have had angina for many months or years may also go on to have a heart attack.

Neil described his lifestyle before his heart attack as burning the candle on both ends.

Age at interview 65

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 62

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However, heart attacks may occur in people who believe that they have none of these risk factors.

Certainly some people we talked to could not think what had caused their heart attack, and had previously thought that they had every reason to expect that they would not have one. Others mentioned specific factors that might have contributed to theirs. Some people, who felt they could not point to a cause, said this made them all the more anxious that they might have another one.

He had none of the risk factors for a heart attack but had a heart attack at the age of 49.

Age at interview 61

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 49

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He had a strong family history of heart disease.

Age at interview 62

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 59

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Some had been told by their doctors that smoking had been a major cause. Several older men who had stopped smoking fifteen to thirty years ago felt it couldn’t have been a major factor.

Smoking eighty cigarettes a day contributed to his heart attack.

Age at interview 51

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 49

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Stanley gave up smoking one month before his heart attack because of the expense. He had no…

Age at interview 59

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 59

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One woman was told that high blood cholesterol was the only risk factor that doctors could identify as a reason for her heart attack, which she found disappointing because she had always made an effort to eat healthily. Some people have a hereditary tendency to have high cholesterol, which in an extreme case is called hyperlipidaemia.

High blood cholesterol was the only risk factor that might have contributed to her heart attack.

Age at interview 63

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 63

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Several people felt that being overweight or eating a high fat diet could have contributed to their heart problems. One woman had tried to lose weight for many years without success and said she would have liked more support from her doctor to help her to do that. One man had been told by his doctors that his diet in childhood and during his twenties laid the foundations for a heart attack later on.

She had tried to lose weight unsuccessfully for years before her heart attack.

Age at interview 63

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 63

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Diet in his childhood and during his twenties may have been a factor in causing his heart attack.

Age at interview 66

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 65

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One man wondered if stopping his earlier regular strenuous exercise could have contributed to his heart attack.

He thought taking less exercise in the years leading up to his heart attack could have contributed.

Age at interview 52

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 51

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Working too hard, stress and a busy lifestyle, without taking time to relax or exercise was thought by some to have been a contributing factor.

He had angina for 15 years and thought work stress and having little time to relax contributed to…

Age at interview 67

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 65

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James explains that a stressful work life, heavy smoking, lack of exercise and poor diet all…

Age at interview 63

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 62

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A few people had had a history of high blood pressure. One woman felt that she would not have had her heart attack had she been given medication to control her high blood pressure. Two men had diabetes, which was controlled with medication. A woman, who had a heart attack when she was 37 years old, had been told that it had been caused by a blood clot in her leg, which had travelled to her heart.

Some people had a family history of heart attack or heart disease. One man with a strong family history of heart disease in his family said he was expecting to have a heart attack when he was in his fifties.

*Rates of high blood pressure and diabetes are higher in people of African and Afro-Caribbean descent, which means that they also have an increased risk of coronary heart disease and heart attacks.

People of South Asian descent (those of Indian, Bangladeshi, Pakistani, and Sri Lankan origin) are also more likely to develop diabetes compared to white European backgrounds. Again, this also increases their risks of coronary heart disease and heart attacks – NHS choices June 2017.