Medication: strong opioids for chronic pain

We talked to several people who were using, or had used, strong opioids (sometimes called narcotics, opiates or morphine-like drugs). To minimise the side effects these are usually started at a modest dose, which can then be gradually increased.

One woman described how the dose of the opioid medication (oxycodone) was gradually increased over about 5 months to a point where she was getting pain relief most days, though she was concerned about feeling sleepy.

She had to build up the dose of the opioid Oxycontin (oxycodone) gradually to minimise the side effects.

Age at interview 73

Gender Female

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A man with nerve pain had changed from taking many different tablets, which were not helping his pain, to morphine patches and the antiepileptic drug gabapentin; this combination made his pain manageable.

His nerve pain is much relieved by morphine patches and the anticonvulsant gabapentin.

Age at interview 57

Gender Male

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Common side effects included constipation, nausea, sweating, sleepiness, lethargy, memory problems and lack of concentration. Some people lost interest in sex.

One woman had joint pains and one man talked about shortness of breath. Constipation was very common. Some people managed this by eating a high fibre diet, others preferred to use mild laxatives such as lactulose or senna (Senokot).

Describes the side effects that she gets from taking morphine.

Age at interview 47

Gender Female

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Uses mild laxative to treat the constipation from taking morphine.

Age at interview 43

Gender Male

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A few people who had been using morphine patches found that they had experienced skin irritation and had to stop them temporarily. Some people can’t tolerate the side effects of opioids and have to stop taking them.

People often had concerns about using opioids, including fears of addiction, dependence and tolerance. Craving a medicine because they give you a ‘kick’ is rare if opioids are used responsibly to reduce pain. Opioids do however cause physical dependence, which means that when they are stopped a person experiences some withdrawal reactions.

Withdrawal from opioids should only be done in consultation with a doctor. Those who had stopped suddenly had severe withdrawal symptoms (see also ‘Managing, taking and stopping medication‘).

One woman’s GP had taken the time to explain to her that whilst people can become dependent on opioids (narcotic medication) it does not mean that they are addicted.

Her GP had explained that addiction and dependence are different.

Age at interview 49

Gender Female

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Many people feared that they would become tolerant to opioids. Tolerance means needing more and more of a drug to have the same effect. Whilst in the first few months of taking an opioid the dose commonly needs to be increased, most people reach a point where they can take a consistent dose and still get the same pain relief.

Some people were concerned that if they used strong opioids now they would not have that option in the case of increased pain or a future terminal illness. One woman’s GP had reassured her that this would not be a problem.

Was at first unhappy about taking opioids in case she needed them for increased pain or terminal…

Age at interview 73

Gender Female

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Another woman mentioned the problems of storing the drugs away from children. She also talked about the problems there had been in America with people abusing Oxycodone. A nurse had been concerned about using opioid medication at work, but the Nursing Council reassured him that it was OK as long as he didn’t take his tablets to work.

Was concerned about using opioids at work as a nurse but checked with the General Nursing Council…

Age at interview 43

Gender Male

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