Roles, relationships and sexuality

Cancer or its treatment can change people’s roles in the household. During and after treatment many people don’t have the energy to do all that they used to do around the home, and family members, neighbours and friends often help with household tasks (see ‘Support from family and friends’).

Several men said they no longer had the strength to perform some of the traditional male roles and this affected how they felt about their masculinity. A married man diagnosed at age 44 who had three children worried about not being able to provide for his family; he confided to a Macmillan nurse. A man in his 60s with emphysema and back pain as well as having had lymphoma felt that his wife shouldn’t have had to take over the heavy gardening tasks that he used to do. He also said he felt more vulnerable and less able to defend himself on the street if it were necessary.

After spinal surgery he is less ‘strong and tough’ than he used to be; he can’t do things that…

Age at interview 53

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 51

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Many women felt that changes in their body image through the illness and its treatment had affected their femininity (see ‘Hair loss and body image’). One young woman said she felt less attractive after learning her diagnosis but a friend reassured her that nothing about her had changed except the knowledge that she had lymphoma. Wearing a wig and make-up helped a 42-year-old woman who lost her hair to feel more feminine. Some women suspected that their femininity would have been more impaired by breast or cervical cancer than by lymphoma. A woman who had had breast cancer before her lymphoma confirmed this and said that the hair loss and central line in her chest associated with her lymphoma treatment were not a problem for her or her husband.

Felt defeminised by treatment: she lost weight, all her hair, her periods stopped and she had a…

Age at interview 27

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 25

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Can’t imagine forming a close relationship after going through such a major crisis alone; feels…

Age at interview 48

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 45

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Having cancer or undergoing treatment can put a strain on relationships. This can be due to the strain of facing the illness and debilitating treatments, but also to loss of self-esteem and unhappiness about body image (See ‘Hair loss and body image’). One young woman had been worried that her illness would affect her relationship with her partner but, if anything, it had strengthened as a result of it. Another said she and her husband had probably had more rows but in part this was because she was now more likely to stand up to him. Another woman thought she had probably become a bit more aggressive. A man who had been aged 29 at diagnosis said his personality changed during treatment, ultimately leading to his first marriage breaking up. Some young people we spoke to started a new relationship during or after their treatment and found that frank discussion of the illness and its physical and emotional effects with their partner helped them to accept it and made their relationship strong.

Personality changes damaged his marriage but he couldn’t see it at the time; he was too proud to…

Age at interview 46

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 29

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Wearing a wig in her teens made her withdrawn and she had no relationship until she was 18; her…

Age at interview 41

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 11

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Met his girlfriend during his chemotherapy when he had lost all his hair; he discussed his…

Age at interview 25

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 22

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Some drugs used to treat cancer, and the tiredness that treatment often causes, can reduce interest in sex during and after cancer treatment. A man in his sixties said his sex drive had plummeted because of his steroids. Some people said they had been warned about this and accepted it as inevitable while they were feeling ill – several said their sex drive soon returned to normal after treatment. It could be difficult to know how far these changes were due to the illness and how much to natural ageing. A man with other health problems as well as lymphoma said sex was difficult so he and his wife looked to the companionable side of their relationship.

Was warned that treatment might cause impotence but as he doesn’t usually feel like sex when hes…

Age at interview 58

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 51

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Most premenopausal women find that their periods stop or become irregular during treatment and they may get menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes and vaginal dryness. Health professionals don’t always discuss sexual issues and patients may find it difficult to raise them. Specialist nurses can provide support for people experiencing sexual difficulties and suggest solutions to problems, such as vaginal lubricants, which can be bought without prescription. Men who experience prolonged impotence may be offered medication, such as sildenafil (Viagra), to overcome this.

Chemotherapy caused vaginal dryness so she didn’t enjoy sex; she couldn’t discuss it with her…

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 44

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Finances

In the UK, people who are employed but too ill to work are entitled to basic statutory sick pay for up to 28 weeks (for...

Lifestyle and attitude changes

A life-threatening illness is a major life event. Some people try to continue their lives in the same way as before, others try to change...