Guilt and regret

Feeling haunted by guilt was a common experience for many people we interviewed. A few felt guilty about the injury itself (‘If only I had been with him that night’), but mostly they felt guilty about what had happened since then.

It often seemed to be a ‘Catch 22’ situation. Parents felt guilty for not spending enough time with their injured teenager in hospital, but also guilty for neglecting children at home, wives felt they had abandoned husbands because they were so focussed on the needs of an injured brother, adult sons felt guilty for focussing so much on their wife in the care home that they were unable to support their own elderly parents. People also described feeling helpless – at a loss about what more they could do for their injured father, sister or son. Many of the people we spoke to regretted past decisions to intervene to save the patient’s life, at the same time as wondering if more could have been done to help the person recover, or to reduce their pain or distress.

Nik feels she is not doing enough’ and perhaps she should visit her father every day.

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Sonia regrets agreeing to an operation to save her mother’s life, but also wonders if more could have been done to help her mother before she died.

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Decisions about what to do in such circumstances are always difficult. Rifat was one of only two people we interviewed whose relative was being treated outside the UK. Her father was in hospital in Bangladesh – her family wish they had not taken him to hospital when he became short of breath, as then he would have simply died when he had his cardiac arrest. They now face a series of difficult decisions.

Rifat feels there are now no good decisions, all come with guilt and regret.

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Feeling responsible for difficult decisions about providing or withdrawing medical treatments was a major source of stress for family members.

Emma is very burdened by feeling she became the decision-maker in relation to her mother’s medical treatment.

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Cathy feels responsible for raising the issue of withdrawing her brother’s feeding tube. She believes it was the right decision, but starting the discussion left her feeling like a murderer’

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Although family members are the decision-makers in many parts of the world (including Bangladesh and the USA) this is not the case in the UK where, in fact, even the named ‘next of kin’ cannot consent to or refuse treatment on behalf of another adult (although it is possible to officially appoint someone with appropriate Power of Attorney or deputyship with such rights/responsibilities). In the UK it is the responsibility of the treating clinician to ensure any decisions they take about a patient is in the patient’s best interests (unless the patient can consent/refuse for themselves or has an Advance Decision). Consulting appropriate family/friends is key to making a best interests decision. It is the duty of clinicians to consider the benefits and harms of every treatment, including the ‘feeding tube’ for the individual patient (depending on their likely wishes). Family/fiends must be consulted but – it should not be left up to family members to initiate such discussion.

Those we spoke to were sometimes shocked and outraged to discover that, in law in the UK, they were not empowered to give or refuse consent for their relative’s treatment, but they could also feel relieved.

Nik feels guilty that her father continues to be kept alive. She wonders is this my fault’ and was interested to learn that it was not her responsibility to make such decisions.

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To learn more about clinicians’ responsibilities for decision making seeDecision -making: the legal situation and clinical practice‘.

Exhaustion and frustration

Many of the people we spoke with described feeling utterly exhausted. The trauma of the original event had been followed by years of being on...