Social experiences and stigma

Stigma refers to the negative attitudes and beliefs that motivate people to fear, reject, avoid, and discriminate against people with mental health conditions. Stigmatisation of mental health conditions remains extremely widespread and is experienced by many people with mental health problems. People we talked with felt that regardless of numerous public awareness campaigns in Australia in recent years, stigma related to depression and other mental health conditions is still commonly experienced. Stigma can lead people to avoid living, socialising, working with or employing people with mental health conditions – especially those towards the more severe end of the spectrum.

Artauds view was that mental health conditions should be disclosed at the workplace. However,…

Age at interview 43

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 20

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Many people talked about the impact of stigma on their lives and how it contributed to their sense of low self-esteem, isolation and feelings of hopelessness. Responding to stigma, people with mental health conditions tend to internalise public attitudes. They often felt embarrassed to discuss their symptoms and sometimes avoided seeking treatment. People told us about hiding their depression from their employers and being ‘genuinely afraid of other people knowing’. They were concerned of being diminished in the eyes of others, being seen as professionally incompetent, and losing out on career advancement opportunities.

Jack talked about his experiences of stigma related to depression.

Age at interview 71

Gender Male

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Some people decided not to discuss their mental health. They were hurt when those who knew about it did not consider it a serious health problem. A few professional men in high-status professional roles decided not to disclose it because they were concerned about being ‘ridiculed or pitied or pastored’. Some were reluctant to discuss it at all while others chose carefully whom they told. Most people decided to share their condition only with selected family members, partners or a few trusted friends, without disclosing it to others in their social circle.

Phil talked about his need to carefully select whom to tell about his depression.

Age at interview 52

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 37

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By contrast, some people found it helpful to talk openly about their depression. They believed that being open contributed to destigmatisation of depression and helped others with similar problems to acknowledge this and seek appropriate help. A few people perceived a positive change in social attitudes to mental health and increased awareness of depression. However, stigma associated with depression persisted, including with the word ‘depression’. Some suggested that renaming depression or normalising emotional distress, which is frequently experienced by new mothers for example, might help in destigmatising the condition.

Emma found receiving a diagnosis beneficial and talked openly about her perinatal depression.

Age at interview 33

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 32

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Jane discussed treating perinatal emotional distress as a normal part of having children, as a…

Age at interview 39

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 29

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Troy commented that societal attitudes towards depression were changing, but there was still…

Age at interview 22

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 21

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A few people talked about the importance of attitudes towards depression at their workplace. Colleagues’ reactions were a major factor shaping whether or not people felt stigmatised. Some people experienced positive and supportive attitudes, while others felt judged.

Belinda talked about the benefits of her work colleagues generous support.

Age at interview 35

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 25

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Chloe compared two workplaces, one unsupportive and homophobic and the other supportive and how these opposite attitudes made a difference to the way she felt about herself.

Age at interview 25

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 19

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Paul had positive experiences following his disclosure of his depression. He thinks that public…

Age at interview 39

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 29

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A few people compared their experiences with reactions to physical illness and to depression. There was a general view that people were more sympathetic to physical illness than to depression. Comodor commented that physical illness was obvious, but ‘depression’s different, that’s mental. I don’t think that’s something you spread around’.

Artaud described his experiences of being stigmatised for his mental health condition during his…

Age at interview 43

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 20

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Sara talked about her depression and about her experience of working with young people with…

Age at interview 55

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 43

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Debra linked perceived stigma in relation to depression to her decision to marry her ex-partner, as well as her sense of being seen as a failed mother. Speaking about her ex-husband, she explained that: ‘because I’d gone through the panic attack stages with him, I felt that nobody else would ever ask me to marry them again as a person with a mental illness’. After they divorced, Debra’s distress became more severe and she had to give up custody of her children and let them live with their father. Despite this being in her children’s best interest and despite her staying in contact with them and supporting them financially, Debra felt that social norms associated with motherhood meant she was seen as a failure by some members of her social circle.

Debra felt judged because of her depression and that she was seen as a bad mother.

Age at interview 43

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 34

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A few immigrant women we talked to from African and Asian countries observed that there was no word for ‘depression’ in their first languages. They explained that depression was not a commonly acknowledged mental health condition in their countries of origin, however, there was a clear understanding of severe mental health conditions and these were highly stigmatised. Akello who is from an African background and who was treated for depression in Australia talked about hiding the fact that she was taking antidepressants. She said she had felt stigmatised by some members of her community after she revealed this information. A few other people also told us about concealing taking medication, as they felt ‘there was a great stigma in taking antidepressants’. Safra spoke about social norms of sharing with others only one’s successes in life, and not talking about problems, including mental health conditions.

Akello could not translate ‘depression’ into her own language. She described how people in her African country of origin hide mental health conditions because of fear of stigma, and talked about her friends’ attitudes towards antidepressants.

Age at interview 45

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 44

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Safra felt that in Malaysia, her home country, people were expected only to share good things…

Age at interview 56

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 52

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In general people were concerned about stigma attached to mental health conditions in Australia. They took great care in choosing whom to disclose their depression to and often tried to hide it from colleagues and particularly superiors in the workplace. They would usually talk to their family members and close friends first, these being the people who would notice behaviour changes and be affected by these changes. However, a few commented that they had noticed some increase in public awareness of depression and expressed hope that this would further reduce stigma related to depression and other mental health conditions.

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