Hearing your diagnosis of cancer

Young people are usually told about their diagnosis (what their illness is) by their hospital consultant. What the doctor says is based on the results of various tests and investigations. These will depend on the type of cancer and might include blood tests, scans, or laboratory analysis of material removed during a biopsy or operation (see ‘Tests‘).

The legal age for consent for medical treatment is 16 so parents of teenagers under 16 year olds may sometimes be told of the diagnosis first so that they can be the first ones to tell their children. Parents of younger children sometimes tried to shield them from finding out that they had cancer. A 14 year old boy said he knew that his parents had not wanted to tell him but that they had also felt that they could not keep the diagnosis a secret when he was on the ward.

His parents decided he should be told his diagnosis, but he thought that there must be a mistake…

Age at interview 18

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 14

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A 19 year old, who had major surgery before she was told she had ovarian cancer, described how her parents and her consultant decided to break the news in stages.

Her parents and the consultant broke the news in stages that surgery had removed her ovaries, and…

Age at interview 23

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 19

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Was shocked to hear her diagnosis because her mum had told her she had a lump in her head.

Age at interview 16

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 15

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Stephen had experienced six months of symptoms and many visits to his GP and A&E before being diagnosed.

Stephen’s symptoms became really bad and he ended up having emergency surgery for a blocked bowel. The surgeon removed half of his bowel and after a biopsy of the material he was diagnosed with bowel cancer.

Age at interview 19

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 15

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The diagnosis was a shock to Stephen but he thought the surgeon broke the news sensitively.

Age at interview 19

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 15

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A 21 year old man received his diagnosis on his own, partly because no one in his family knew that he was having tests for suspected leukaemia.

Was on his own when he got his diagnosis but at first knew very little about leukaemia.

Age at interview 23

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 22

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Most of the young people we talked to didn’t know much about cancer when they were first told about having it. They were often overwhelmed and had difficulty understanding what was going on. Young people maybe too ill or confused to understand what was happening to them – especially if they had a brain tumour.

He does not remember being told he had leukaemia but gradually picked up that this was his diagnosis.

Age at interview 19

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 15

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Can’t remember much about the diagnosis but his mother recalls how the consultant explained that…

Age at interview 21

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 14

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Confusion about what their diagnosis actually was, was sometimes worse if the doctor (and parents) seemed unwilling to use the word ‘cancer’ or if it not clear what the medical term means. For example a young woman who was told she had ‘osteosarcoma’ would have understood her diagnosis better if she had been told it was cancer.

Didn’t realise that what she had was cancer until just before starting her chemotherapy.

Age at interview 24

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 17

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Her consultant, who used the terms ‘mass’ and ‘tumour’, seemed reluctant to say ‘cancer.

Age at interview 23

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 17

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People whose cancer is not picked up quickly sometimes feel angry, particularly if they believe that the delay had led to more drastic treatment. However, cancer is rare and it can be hard for non-specialist doctors to diagnose early (see ‘Going to your GP‘).

She talks about the consequences of a late diagnosis and feels angry with her GP.

Age at interview 23

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 17

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His mother was shocked at how long it took to diagnose her son’s leukaemia and thinks that people…

Age at interview 16

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 13

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People whose cancer is suspected or diagnosed quickly said they felt ‘numb’ but thought it might be a good thing not to have a lot of time to really worry about it.

He went to see a private specialist who told him that he could operate that afternoon. The fact…

Age at interview 25

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 24

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Common reactions to the diagnosis of cancer are shock, sadness, guilt, confusion, anxiety or feeling ‘gutted’. However, some said that they did not react at all, that they had ‘no emotions’. Many asked questions like ‘Why me?’, ‘What have I done to deserve this?’, ‘Is it my fault?’ Some become instantly very afraid of dying when they hear they have cancer.

Was frightened when first diagnosed and for several days believed he was going to die.

Age at interview 17

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 11

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Some of the young people we interviewed said that they were able to feel something positive because they were told that their cancer was treatable. A boy who had been told that he might have Tuberculosis (TB) even said that he was almost relieved to be diagnosed with a cancer called Hodgkin lymphoma because the infectious nature of TB might have been difficult to deal with at school and in the community.

Was almost relieved to discover that he had treatable Hodgkin’s lymphoma and not tuberculosis,…

Age at interview 17

Gender Male

Age at diagnosis 14

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Tests for cancer in young people

Some tests are done to diagnose cancer and some are to assess how far the cancer has spreadDoctors and nurses were usually very kind to...